SOLD FOR $695 IN 1973!!
WHEN POOLS WERE STARTING AT $1,500.00 INC GST

THE IG450 AQUATECH SALT CHLORINATOR

When household size 14' x 28' ( 4.3m x 8.6m) family pools were selling installed for less than $1,995.00, $695.00 was expensive (!) - but proved to be a great improvement over the huge $250 "one hundred pound" (35 Kg) drums of granular HTH pool chlorine powder we included with Cascade pools in those days.

At that time in New Zealand it was illegal to repack powder chlorine (aka Granular Chlorine) into smaller packs, and the HTH brand granular chlorine could not even be stocked in drums or sold without a Dangerous Goods license, so customers had to take the full size drum. This was a problem to keep tightly sealed, and the chloirine gas emmitted when the lid was constantly being removed was extremely hazardous.

The AQUATECH IG450 - a World First?

The IG450 was devised and developed by Cascade Owner Laurence E (Larry) Ogden from an idea he had been thinking about since the mid 1960's in England while working with Cascade Inc (USA).

Arriving back in New Zealand in 1971, Cascade Pools New Zealand's founder, Larry continued experimenting with his invention, and when considered approved, was manufactured by his newly established company Cascade Industries Limited.

Marketing was done by a Cascade's offshoot wholesale and retail company "Aquatech Industries Limited". (While operating as a wholey owned branch of Cascade Industries Limited, Aquatech is no longer a part of Cascade Industries.

The chlorinator was intended for the average size "in-ground" home pool of 10,000 gallons - hence the name 'IG450' (IG for In Ground and 45,000 litres capacity). This product was intended for in-ground home swimming pools, to take over from the necessary bulky Drums of granular chlorine currently being used.

The IG450 design had stainless steel four-plate electrodes - which had an expected lifetime of two to three years, and $250 to replace. This was a high cost in those days.

Later models (the IG450P) used a Platinum electro-plated stainless steel electrode which lasted 2 to 3 times as long, but cost twice as much to replace. Nevertheless, these 1970's units were sold by the thousands, ... and contemporary salt units dominate the world market these days.

SELF-CLEANING UNITS
In 1974 Cascade introduced polarity switching (Utilising the 1959 developed MOSFET electronic - a Metal Oxide Semi-conductor Field Effect Transistor) which reversed the DC + 'Positive' and - 'Negative' current every minute or so. Reversing the polarity dumped the accumulated "gunk" off the electrode giving the "appearance" of an extended service cycle between acid washes, and was sold as "Self Cleaning" (continuing to this day) but of course the dumped gunk soon reattached itself, so it wasn't really "Self Cleaning".!

The polarity reversing idea seemed good at the time, but the electrodes gradually continued to build up a thin coating of calcium from shock dosing periodically with Cal-Hypo (Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca[OCL2] ) - which inhibited the production of chlorine.

To clean the Electrode: They had to be periodically dismantled and given a bath in dilute hydrochloric acid to "freshen" them up. The polarity switching is still being used by Salty manufacturers today, but as stated it is a short term solution to the problem of calcium buildup and gradual deterioration of the electrode.

It wasn't until many years later - 1994, in fact - that we (being Pool builders after all) fully appreciated the chemistry and swimmer safety of swimming pool water. After all, the pools 'never went green' and so everybody was happy!

We didn't know at the time, but the chlorinator electrodes also created Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH aka Caustic Soda) - commonly known in New Zealand as DRAINO drain unclogger!

Unfortunately (1.) ,The old saying 'no free lunches' came true. We were 'structural engineers' NOT chemists - as many "pool builders' are today - despite the availability of a Pool Maintenance Diploma Course by the NZ Pool Industry Association!

Unfortunately (2.), We had overlooked the production of sodium hydroxide pH (Caustic Soda NaOH) - being equal in quantity with the sodium hypochlorite production - and as a consequence, the pool pH was always extremely high. as the pH of Caustic Soda tops out at 14 (on a scale of  0 - 14) and Sodium Hypochlorite has a pH of 11.0 - 13.0

The pool pH rose so high, in fact, that the sterilisation of the pool is in jeopardy, as once the pH exceeds 8.0 there is literally no effective sanitisation taking place, and the pools were constituting a health and safety risk to the users if the pool owner was unaware of - and did not take action to reduce - the high pH situation!

The Fix? Dosing the pool with gallons of Hydrochloric Acid and ensuring it is stored and maintained safely became a necessary and regular task!


AS A HOME POOL OWNER, YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND THIS ...

Our final version IG450A incorporated an fluid acid pump to remedy the high pH situation, but the IG450A unit rretail cost soared to $2,800.00 plus the cost of the 40 litre drum of hydrochloric acid which was inconveniently located adjacent to the pool filtration.

The presence of such large quantities of dangerous acid also posed a questionable risk to children who might have access to the filtration area.

After 25 years of using 'Saltys' CASCADE abandoned the idea OF SALT CHLORINATION!

Seeing this as an extreme safety hazard for young - and curious - children, in 1994 we discontinued the installation of salt chlorinators in favour of the US made Aquagenie Skimmer/Feeder system - which we still use today in conjunction with an activated oxygen generator (Ozone or O3).

My 'Salt Chlorinator' Big Idea

was to take the IG450 to the USA in 1973:
Big Mistake!

I took two UL approved IG450 sample units to America for displaying on the CASCADE NJ 1973 Chicago Trade Fair (I Think that's what it was called) in Illinois, USA) Great interest was shown in the two Samples and the unheard-of concept of creating Chlorine directly in the pool water- and I took orders for quite a few units.

In fact my sample IG450s were so popular that both 'went missing' on the clean-up after the show! The Show managament were unable (or unwilling) to assist me in recovering them and even refused to call the Local Police.

I guess I was just too young too trusting, and too inexperienced,
so I returned to New Zealand without them.
The following year I returned to the same Show with the improved IG450A but sold none - possibly due to the proliferation of similar looking locally made copy units on display.

- Even ones painted bright Yellow like ours - and apparently being copied in such diverse places as South Africa, Mexico and Australia.

SUMMARY:
In the period 1965 to 1971, I had spent years personally involved in the residential Swimming Pool Industry in the USA, United Kingdom and Europe, and had never seen any similar pool device available on the market until copies of my ones turned up on the US and Australian market after my two samples were "Lost" in America. So add 2 + 2 and come up with four!

I have been unable to find evidence of any use of such a device prior to my introduction onto the New Zealand sales market of the IG450 - although I have heard an anecdotal story of a similar development in Australia around that time, but nothing that was readily available on the home or overseas Pool Industry market - so until I learn of an alternative, I must assume that "In 1972 'Larry Ogden and Cascade Industries New Zealand were the commercial originators of residential Salt Water Pool Chlorinators".

I would be interested to hear if this is not so - but at least I do know that I had never seen anything like my IG450 product in any of the major home pool markets of the late 'sixties during my years living in England.

PATENT: In 1972 I investigated obtaining a World Patent for the IG450, but the cost (quoted at $US 33,000 - the $NZ was par at that time) was too much for a young 31 year old to come up with - especially as I had recently bought a three-bedroom house on a half-acre in a nice Auckland suburb for $NZ 16,500.
 

I recently had my current Patent Lawyer Mr. Piper (Auckland NZ) check the possible pool equipment world on line, and I saw a Mexico Patent Application vaguely similar to my IG450 (but not in appearance, or for home pools)"under process".

In the mid 1970's, checking the US and other countries I subsequently learned from my Patent Attorney at the time that the World Patent would have meant fighting a Patent case personally in each of the countries that were making similar devices - at a cost of more than $50,000 each time - it was beyond my resources to do so! They didn't bother to advise me of this detail previously (Quote: "You want Legal Advice? We are the Patent Office... Legal is the next door up the corridor") - but I guess that's lawyers for you!

Why don't we use saline chlorinators today?

21st Centry Salt Chlorinators have evolved from the day of my original invention, so my entire article here is not intended to berate the modern "salties" - of which I have no knowledge or intention to dismiss them ...

I just don't know - all I do know is that CASCADE using OZONE+UV has proven to work 100% for us over the past 22 years and thousands of pools, so we have no intention to stop using the Aqua+Ozone system until something better comes up.

In our opinion, our combined Aquagenie+Ozone system is far better, cheaper to operate and more reliable at sterilising pathogens & bacteria in the home swimming pool than other methods - making your pool cleaner and safer for your children.

And after all - isn't that the whole idea?
Click AQUA GENIE graphic above
for more information on the Aquagene+Ozone system

 

Without Prejudice E&OE (C) 2024
Updated and Checked for veracity June 2024